到底要用which還是that?

最近很多同學在題目中遇到which vs that的問題。接下來，我們用GMAT角度來看看which 跟 that各自的特徵。注意在探討用法時應盡量依據該題目語意分析!

先說結論: which/that 並不是 GMAT 首要考點，在這裡主要是以補充方式，培養同學基本修飾的語感。但 that/which 通常不會是 GMAT 優先考點喔!

1. 非限定和限定的關係

(1) I avoid dogs, which appear too excited.

(2) I avoid dogs that appear too excited.

第一句的 which，說明 dogs “generally”來說就是 too excited，這是屬於非限定的用法。

句意為: 我怕狗，狗大多都是 too excited。

第二句的 that，特別指定 “too excited” 的狗，這是屬於限定的用法。

句意為: 我怕 “too excited” 的這群狗。

2. 修飾位置比較

which “優先”修飾最接近的名詞，而 that 則可以跳過補充資訊，修飾前面主要資訊

我們拿兩題 SC 來做驗證:

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By merging its two publishing divisions, the company will increase their share of the country's $21 billion book market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market ranging from obscure textbooks to mass-market paperbacks.

A. their share of the country's $21 billion book market from 6 percent to 10 percent, a market ranging

B. from 6 percent to 10 percent its share of the $21 billion book market in the country, which ranges

C. to 10 percent from 6 percent in their share of the $21 billion book market in the country, a market ranging

D. in its share, from 6 percent to 10 percent, of the $21 billion book market in the country, which ranges

E. to 10 percent from 6 percent its share of the country's $21 billion book market, which ranges

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------這題 A, C 的 their 沒有指代對象，而 “which ranges from obscure textbooks to mass-market paperbacks”，就句意而言絕對要指代 “book market”，而不是”country”，所以正確答案 (E)

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The organic food industry has organized a successful grassroots campaign – using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings – that have convinced the Department of Agriculture to change the proposed federal regulations for organically grown food.

A. using Web sites, public meetings, and also mass mailings – that have convinced

B. using Web sites, public meetings, and mass mailings – that has convinced

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這題的 “that have/has convinced”，可以跳過中間破折號的補充資訊，直接修飾 “grassroots campaign”，而指代對象為單數，所以答案選 (B) “that has convinced”。

在這裡提供同學參考!